Inventory of fixed assets. Part 2. Reflection in accounting.

Inventory of fixed assets. Part 2. Reflection in accounting.

As a result of the inventory, you can detect either the shortage (s) of the OS, or the surplus (s). If it turns out that the results of the inventory correspond to the accounting data, then no additional actions in either accounting or tax accounting are required of you. Therefore, we will consider in turn the accounting consequences of the detected shortages or surpluses.

Short supply

Possible causes of their occurrence are theft, damage, destruction, non-accounting for the disposal of the OS and other similar circumstances.

Once the object is actually absent, then it cannot meet the criteria for recognition of an asset. And this is the reason for its write-off from the balance in accordance with clause 33 P (C) BU 7. Moreover, since the sale of the object is not in question, then the need to transfer it to non-current assets and disposal groups held for sale (subaccount 286), not. In addition, if the object was previously underestimated, then when a shortage is detected, the amount of such an additional valuation must be written off (wiring Dt 411 “Additional valuation (devaluation) of fixed assets” - Kt 441 “Retained earnings”). To reflect the missing object on the off-balance account 072 “Unsettled shortages and losses from damage of values” is necessary before identifying the guilty person or the expiration of the limitation period.

After identifying the perpetrators of the amounts recovered from them, compensate for the damage caused to the company, taking into account the actual expenses of the company for the restoration of damaged or the acquisition of new material values ​​and the cost of their restoration, and the balance is transferred to the state budget (according to paragraph 10 of Procedure No. 116 The procedure for determining the amount of losses from theft, shortage, destruction (damage) of material values, approved by the Cabinet of Ministers of January 22, 1996 No. 116).

At the same time, the amount of damage is written off on the credit of sub-account 072. At the same time, the amount of compensation that the guilty person repays is shown in the debit of sub-account 375 “Calculations on compensation for damage caused” in correspondence with the credit:

- subaccount 746 - for the amount to be reimbursed to the company;

- subaccount 642 "Calculations for mandatory payments" - the amount to be transferred to the budget.

Profit tax.

Highly profitable taxpayers, as well as low-income ones, who did not refuse to apply the differences, are obliged to carry out the adjustments stipulated in paras. 138.1 and 138.2 of the TCU. Namely:

- to increase the financial result before tax by the amount of the residual value of the fixed asset object determined in accordance with the NP (S) BU or IFRS;

- reduce the financial result before tax by the amount of the residual value of the same object, determined according to the rules of tax accounting.

Such adjustments are bypassed by low-income tax payers.

If the object of the operating system is non-productive, then only the first of the indicated differences (increasing) will have to be carried out.

Such differences do not apply to low-value non-current tangible assets (hereinafter - MNMA), with which the tax authorities agree (category 102.05 ЗІР). The reason is that, unlike accounting, in tax accounting MNMA do not belong to the OS (as defined in paragraphs 14.1.138 of the TCU). Accordingly, the differences under Art. 138 NKU, bypass them. This includes non-production MNMAs.

VAT.

When writing off missing fixed assets acquired with VAT, it is necessary on the basis of p. "G" p. 198.5 of the GCC to accrue tax liabilities at the basic rate based on the balance (residual) value prevailing at the beginning of the reporting (tax) period of their write-off, - say the tax authorities. They made such a conclusion, in particular, in the consultation from the sub-category 101.15 ZR and the letter of the SFSU dated 27.05.2016 No. 11679/6 / 99-95-42-01-15.

The exception is the write-off due to the OS shortage, which was used in non-taxable (non-objective) operations (INC GFSU of 01.11.2017, No. 2458/5 / 99-99-15-03-02-16 / IPC). Indeed, for these operating systems, “compensating” tax liabilities under clause 198.5 of the TCU have already been accrued earlier. When writing off the missing (stolen, destroyed) OSs, it is more logical to follow the special “liquidation” clause 189.9 of the TCU. According to the general rule established by paragraph one of this clause, the liquidation of fixed assets under the independent decision of the taxpayer is considered as the supply of industrial or non-productive fixed assets at normal prices. At the same time, the tax base should not be lower than the book value of the asset at the time of liquidation. The advantage of this approach is that the second paragraph of this clause defines a number of cases in which the accrual of tax liabilities can be avoided. So, you can not charge VAT if production or non-production OSs eliminate:

- in connection with their destruction or destruction due to the action of force majeure circumstances;

- in other cases when such liquidation is carried out without the consent of the taxpayer, including in case of theft of the main production or non-production assets, confirmed in accordance with the law;

- in cases where the payer provides the fiscal service body with a corresponding document on the destruction, disassembly or conversion of the main production or non-production assets in another way, as a result of which they cannot be used for the original purpose. Is it necessary to impose VAT on the amount of damages received from the guilty person? The fiscal authorities consider that this should be done when receiving money as compensation (see the consultation from sub-category 101.15 ЗІР). At the same time, we consider this conclusion controversial.

Surplus.

The reason for the OS surplus may be, first of all, accounting errors (failure to receive an object in the account). But sometimes there are other reasons when it is not possible to recover the documents for the purchase (or other receipt) of the object. Consider both possible options.

Accounting errors.

If the source documents for the OS object could be found, then on their basis such an object should be credited to the balance. This is done as an error correction using the same posting system as with the usual posting of the OS object. But at the same time, in addition to the act of acceptance and transfer (internal displacement) of the OS, also make up an accounting certificate. In such a certificate, you must specify the content of the error, the correspondence of the accounts with which it is corrected, and the amount of the transaction.

In addition to the issue with the capitalization of the asset, it is also necessary to resolve the issue with the accrual of its backdating depreciation. Moreover, it is necessary to accrue depreciation for all the time the object is used “in the shade”.

Consider how it looks in the language of accounting entries, for example, the most common type of OS acquisition - acquisitions from a supplier. Accounting of surplus of fixed assets

Profit tax.

To charge depreciation to highly profitable income tax payers and low-income "volunteers" will have to be in tax accounting. At the same time, in the final analysis, in determining the consequences of the income tax, this amount will “play”.

The fact is that due to the "depreciation" adjustments provided for by paragraphs. 138.1 and 138.2 of the TCU, the financial result before tax will reduce just such an amount.

But MNMA is, again, not concerned: they are not subject to adjustments.

In the income tax declaration to reflect the addition of depreciation will be necessary as a correction of the error. At the same time, it is possible to reduce the financial result before tax by the amount of accumulated depreciation only within 1095 k. D. (Section 102.1 of the TCU).

VAT.

VAT amounts paid (or accrued) in connection with the acquisition of an OS / MNMA object “found” may be included by the VAT payer into the tax credit. Naturally, in the presence of LV, compiled by the supplier and registered in ERNN. But keep in mind the restrictive rate of clause 198.6 of the TCU for a tax credit. This rule establishes that if the payer did not include NN in a tax credit of the current reporting period in a timely manner, he may do so within 1095 к. Day. from the date of their compilation.

Capitalization of objects of unknown origin.

If the primary documents could not be found, such a “find” is reflected in the posting Dt 10 “Fixed assets”, 11 “Other non-current tangible assets” - Ct 69 “Future incomes”. It is necessary to evaluate such fixed assets or MNMAs pursuant to clause 10 of P (C) BU 7 at fair value.

At the same time, deferred income is recognized as income of the reporting period in the amount proportional to the amortization of such non-current assets accrued in the reporting month (postings Дт of the corresponding expense account - Кт 131, 132 and Дт 69 - Кт 746 “Other incomes”).

Profit tax.

In tax accounting for high-income payers and low-income individuals who did not refuse differences, when calculating depreciation, tax depreciation will play again (calculated according to the rules of section 138.3 of the Tax Code of Ukraine). Well at least there are no prohibitions in terms of depreciation, it is not clear where the fixed assets came from, this item is not provided for. Of course, subject to their use in economic activity.

VAT.

Everything is simple here. No tax invoice - no tax credit.